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NOTICE: The following procedure/reviewer contains here are all free and you can do whatever you want with it. But I do not guarantee success or support these actions. Any use of the information provided herein, is performed at your own risk. You should make a backup copy of your files prior to executing any of the following steps. Incorrect use of the instructions can cause serious problems that may require a complete reinstall of your operating system. I assumes no responsibility, expressed or implied, regarding the consequences of any action taken as a result of the information provided herein.

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helpful sites
cd_dvd_hdd_fdd issues
how do I Start Computer in SafeMode
windows support page
how to install lexmark printer?
MS outlook issues
PRINTERS/SCANNERS/CAMERA
CDs not autorun when inserted in my CD/DVD drive in the MS Windows XP OS?
A+ Certification
Starting up and shutting down
Windows 2000 Pro Amalgamation Braindump
Network Admin_1
CDs not autorun when inserted in CD/ DVD drive in the MS Windows2000 or NT OS?
Internetworking Technologies
RAID LEVELs
Internetworking Acronyms
How do I troubleshoot a computer running Windows® 95/98 when it will not boot to the hard drive?
DVD media may not ‘Autoplay’ in Windows XP Home/Pro
Shells and stuff
X linux partitions and disk mgmnt
315 from a Millionaire
Bartleby Quotes of the Day
Vocabulary 6
Civil Service Reviewer
Internet acronyms
Vocabulary 1
Vocabulary 10
Bible quiz
DELL P1500 and S2500 Printers, Adding & setting up an optional paper tray
90-90 Diags
MSWord Tips
guide to subnetting
TCP/IP basics
having a successful job interview

TITL: Shells and stuff
COMP: AskNetGuy
MVER: 2.63
NOTE: Ok really i'm going to sleep this time
Which of the following interprets your actions when typing at the command line for the operating system?[CR]Choose One
Utility
Application
*Shell
Command
?A shell is a program that acts as an intermediary between the user and the operating system. It interprets what you type and passes it to the operating system.

What can you type at a command line to determine which shell you are using?
[BL]
echo $SHELL
?The name and path to the shell you are using is saved to the SHELL environment variable. You can then use the echo command to print out the value of any variable by preceding the variable's name with $. Therefore, typing echo $SHELL will display the name of your shell.

You want to enter a series of commands from the command-line. What would be the quickest way to do this?[CR]Choose One
Press enter after entering each command and its arguments
Put them in a script and execute the script
*Separate each command with a semi-colon (;) and press enter after the last command
Separate each command with a / and press enter after the last command
?The semi-colon may be used to tell the shell that you are entering multiple commands that should be executed serially. If these were commands that you would frequently want to run, then a script might be more efficient. However, to run these commands only once, enter the commands directly at the command line.

You are entering a long, complex command line and you reach the right side of your screen before you have finished typing. You want to finish typing the necessary commands but have the display wrap around to the left. Which of the following key combinations would achieve this?[CR]Choose One
Esc, /, Enter
*/, Enter
ctrl-d, enter
esc, /, ctrl-d
?The / is called an escape character. It tells the shell to ignore the next typed character when sending the command to the operating system. When you press the enter key, the shell wraps to the left of your display so you can see what you are typing but the NEWLINE character will not be sent to the operating system.

After typing in a new command and pressing enter, you receive an error message indicating incorrect syntax. This error message originated from[CR]Choose one
The shell
The operating system
*The command
The kernel
?The shell does not understand the command but merely passes it to the operating system. The operating system calls the command, however, the error message originates from the command itself.

In your present working directory, you have the files[CR] maryletter[CR] memo1[CR] MyTelephoneandAddressBook[CR]What is the fewest number of keys you can type to open the file[CR]MyTelephoneandAddressBook with vi?[CR]Choose one
*6
28
25
4
?You could open the file MyTelephoneandAddressBook in vi using command line completion by typing vi My<Tab> which is only 6 characters. Since you only have the one file that begins with "My", when you press the Tab key, the shell will enter the entire filename.

A variable that you can name and assign a value to is called a _____________ variable.
[BL]
user
?There are two types of variables: user and environment variables. An environment variable is one that is already named by the program, but you can change its value. A user variable, however, is one that you can create by naming it and then assign it a value.

You have installed a new application but when you type in the command to start it you get the error message[CR] Command not found[CR]What do you need to do to fix this problem?[CR]Choose one
*Add the directory containing the application to your path
Specify the directory's name whenever you run the application
Verify that the execute permission has been applied to the command.
Give everyone read, write and execute permission to the application's directory.
?When you execute a command, the operating system looks for that command in the directories specified by the PATH environment variable. By adding the application's directory to the path, the operating system will be able to locate the command and execute it.

Using command substitution, how would you display the value of the present working directory?[CR]Choose one
*echo $(pwd)
echo pwd
$pwd
pwd | echo
?Using the $ and parenthesis causes the value of the variable pwd to be displayed rather than echoing 'pwd'.

When typing at the command line, the default editor is the _____________ library.
[BL]
readline
?By default, your shell used the readline library in emacs mode as its command line editor.

You typed the following at the command line[CR] ls -al /home/ hadden[CR]What key strokes would you enter to remove the space between the '/'and 'hadden' without having to retype the entire line?[CR]Choose one
Ctrl-B, Del
*Esc-b, Del
Esc-Del, Del
Ctrl-b, Del
?The key combination Esc-b will move your cursor to the beginning of the word to the left. In this case, it would move your cursor to the beginning of the word hadden. Then, the Del key would delete one character to the left of the cursor or the extra space.

You would like to temporarily change your command line editor to be vi. What command should you type to change it?
[BL]
set -o vi
?The set command is used to assign environment variables. In this case, you are instructing your shell to assign vi as your command line editor. However, once you log off and log back in you will return to the previously defined command line editor.

After experimenting with vi as your command line editor, you decide that you want to have vi your default editor every time you log in. What would be the appropriate way to do this?[CR]Choose one
Change the /etc/inputrc file
Change the /etc/profile file
*Change the ~/.inputrc file
Change the ~/.profile file
?The /etc/inputrc file defines the default command line editor for the system. If you want to define a different editor for your use, put it in the .inputrc file in your home directory.

You have to type your name and title frequently throughout the day and would like to decrease the number of key strokes you use to type this. Which one of your configuration files would you edit to bind this information to one of the function keys?
[BL]
.inputrc
?The .inputrc file in your home directory can define key bindings as well as define you command line editor. To see which key bindings have been defined, type bind -v.

You telnet into several of your servers simultaneously. During the day, you sometimes get confused as to which telnet session is connected to which server. Which of the following commands in your .profile file would make it obvious to which server you are attached?[CR]Choose one
*PS1='\h: \w>'
PS1='\s: \W>'
PS1='\!: \t>'
PS1='\a: \n>'
?The PS1 variable is used to define how your prompt appears. The string listed here would display the hostname and present working directory. Now, whenever you look at your prompt, you know which server you working on.

Which of the following environment variables determines your working directory at the completion of a successful login?[CR]Choose one
*HOME
BASH_ENV
PWD
BLENDERDIR
?The HOME environment variable contains the path to the user's home directory. After a successful login, the user is placed in his home directory.

Every time you attempt to delete a file using the rm utility, the operating system prompts you for confirmation. You know that this is not the customary behavior for the rm command. What is wrong?[CR]Choose one
*rm has been aliased as rm -i
The version of rm installed on your system is incorrect.
This is the normal behavior of the newest version of rm.
There is an incorrect link on your system.
?It is common for the rm command to be aliased to rm -i as a safety measure to prevent deleting the incorrect file.

You are running out of space in your home directory. While looking for files to delete or compress you find a large file called .bash_history and delete it. A few days later, it is back and as large as before. What do you need to do to ensure that its size is smaller?[CR]Choose one
*Set the HISTFILESIZE variable to a smaller number.
Set the HISTSIZE to a smaller number.
Set the NOHISTFILE variable to true.
Set the HISTAPPEND variable to true.
?The HISTFILESIZE variable defines the number of lines or events to save for the next login session.

In order to display the last five commands you have entered using the history command, you would type ___________.
[BL]
history 5
?The history command displays the commands you have previously entered. By passing it an argument of 5, only the last five commands will be displayed.

In order to display the last five commands you have entered using the fc command, you would type ___________.
[BL]
fc -5
?The fc command can be used to edit or rerun commands you have previously entered. To specify the number of commands to list, use -n.

You previously ran the find command to locate a particular file. You want to run that command again. What would be the quickest way to do this?[CR]Choose one
*fc -l find <enter>[CR] fc n
history -l find <enter>[CR] history n
Retype the command
fc -n find
?You can use the fc command to search for a previously entered command by passing a pattern as an argument.

You need to search the entire directory structure to locate a specific file. How could you do this and still be able to run other commands while the find command is still searching for your file?[CR]Choose one
*find / -name filename &
find / -name filename
bg find / -name filename
&find / -name filename &
?You can run any command in the background by using an ampersand (&) at the end of the command.

In order to create a file called DirContents containing the contents of the /etc directory you would type ____________.
[BL]
ls /etc > DirContents
?Using the > will redirect the output of the ls /etc command to the file DirContents.

What would be displayed as the result of issuing the command ps ef?[CR]Choose one
*A listing of the user's running processes formatted as a tree.
A listing of the stopped processes
A listing of all the running processes formatted as a tree.
A listing of all system processes formatted as a tree.
?This would show the parent child relationship of all the user's processes.

What utility can you use to show a dynamic listing of running processes? __________
[BL]
top
?The top utility shows a listing of all running processes that is dynamically updated.

The top utility can be used to change the priority of a running process? Another utility that can also be used to change priority is ___________?
[BL]
renice
?Both the top and nice utilities provide the capability to change the priority of a running process.

What key combination can you press to suspend a running job and place it in the background?
[BL]
ctrl-z
ctrl+z
<ctrl>+z
?Using ctrl+z will suspend a job and put it in the background.

You issue the command jobs and receive the following output:[CR] [1]- Stopped (tty output) pine[CR] [2]+ Stopped (tty output) MyScript[CR]How would you bring the MyScript process to the foreground?[CR][CR]Choose one:
*fg %2
ctrl-c
fg MyScript
ctrl-z
?You use the fg command to bring a process to the foreground. Since there are multiple jobs to select from, you must specify the job by either its job number or name.

You enter the command[CR] cat MyFile | sort > DirList &[CR]and the operating system displays[CR] [4] 3499[CR]What does this mean?[CR][CR]Choose one
*This is job number 4 and the PID of the sort command is 3499.
This is job number 4 and the PID of the job is 3499.
This is job number 3499 and the PID of the cat command is 4.
This is job number 4 and the PID of the cat command is 3499.
?The first number, 4, is the number of the job. The second number is the PID of the last process of the job.

You attempt to log out but receive an error message that you cannot. When you issue the jobs command, you see a process that is running in the background. How can you fix this so that you can logout?[CR]Choose one
Issue the kill command with the PID of each running command of the pipeline as an argument.
Issue the kill command with the job number as an argument.
*Issue the kill command with the PID of the last command as an argument.
Issue the kill command without any arguments.
?You can use the kill command to terminate a process that does not want to quit. You do this by using either the PID or the name of the process as an argument.

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